StackTrace.h

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#ifndef INCLUDED_StackTrace_h_
#define INCLUDED_StackTrace_h_

#ifdef __APPLE__
#  include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
#endif
// Aperios and Mac OS X 10.4 and prior need the "manual" unroll; otherwise assume execinfo.h and backtrace() are available
#if !defined(PLATFORM_APERIOS) && (!defined(__APPLE__) || defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5))
#  define STACKTRACE_USE_BACKTRACE
#endif

#ifndef __cplusplus
#  include <stddef.h>

#else
#  include <cstddef>
//! Holds the C-style interface for the stack trace routines
namespace stacktrace {
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */

typedef int machineInstruction; //!< typedef in case type needs to change on other platforms (i.e. long for 64 bit architectures?)

//! Stores information about a single stack frame
struct StackFrame {

#ifdef STACKTRACE_USE_BACKTRACE
  //! pointer to array of return addresses, shared by all StackFrames in the list
  void*** packedRA;
  //! pointer to number of entries available at #packedRA
  size_t* packedRAUsed;
  //! pointer to size of array at #packedRA
  size_t* packedRACap;
  //! entry in #packedRA corresponding to this frame
  size_t depth;
  //! return address, points to instruction being executed within current frame
  void* ra;
#else
  //! stack pointer, points to end of stack frame
  void * sp; 

#  if defined(__PIC__) && (defined(__MIPSEL__) || defined(__MIPS__))
  //! return address, points to instruction being executed within current frame
  /*! Note that this is the address that is being returned to by the @e sub-function,
   *  @e not the address that this frame itself is returning to.
   *  When executing position independent code (PIC), this is the address relative
   *  to #gp.  In other words, subtract this from #gp to get current memory address,
   *  or subtract from the binary's _gp symbol to get link-time address (for looking up file/line) */
  size_t ra; 
  
  //! global offset used in position independent code (PIC)
  /*! subtract #ra from this to get the actual run-time memory address of the instruction */
  size_t gp;

#  else
  //! return address, points to instruction being executed within current frame
  /*! Note that this is the address that is being returned to by the @e sub-function,
   *  @e not the address that this frame itself is returning to. */
  machineInstruction * ra; 
#  endif /* __PIC__ */

#  ifdef DEBUG_STACKTRACE
  //! if DEBUG_STACKTRACE is defined, this field is available which, if non-zero, will cause debugging info to be displayed on each unroll
  int debug;
#  endif
#endif
  
  //! points to the caller's stack frame (stack frame of function which called this one), may be NULL or self-referential at end of list
  /*! a self-referential value indicates the frame is not the last on the stack, but is the last recorded. */
  struct StackFrame * caller;
  
};


//! stores information about the caller's stack frame into @a frame
void getCurrentStackFrame(struct StackFrame* frame);

//! stores information about the caller to @a curFrame into @a nextFrame
/*! @return 0 if error occurred (i.e. bottom of the stack), non-zero upon success
 *  @a nextFrame @e can be the same instance as @a curFrame, will update in place.
 *  @a curFrame->caller will be set to @a nextFrame. */
int unrollStackFrame(struct StackFrame* curFrame, struct StackFrame* nextFrame);

//! frees a list of StackFrames, such as is returned by recordStackTrace
void freeStackTrace(struct StackFrame* frame);

//! preallocates a stack trace of a particular size (doesn't actually perform a stack trace, merely allocates the linked list)
/*! this is a good idea if you want to do a stack trace within an exception handler, which might have been triggered by running out of heap */
struct StackFrame* allocateStackTrace(unsigned int size);

//! dumps stored stack trace to stderr
void displayStackTrace(const struct StackFrame* frame);

#ifndef __cplusplus

//! dumps current stack trace to stderr, up to @a limit depth and skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! pass -1U for limit to request unlimited trace, and 0 to start with the function calling recordStackTrace */
void displayCurrentStackTrace(unsigned int limit, unsigned int skip);

//! repeatedly calls unrollStackFrame() until the root frame is reached or @a limit is hit, skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! pass -1U for limit to request unlimited trace, and 0 to start with the function calling recordStackTrace */
struct StackFrame * recordStackTrace(unsigned int limit, unsigned int skip);
//! repeatedly calls unrollStackFrame() until the root frame is reached or end of @a frame list is hit, skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! This is handy for reusing previously allocated frames, returns the unused portion (if return value equals @a frame, none were used -- implies never cleared @a skip) */
struct StackFrame * recordOverStackTrace(struct StackFrame* frame, unsigned int skip);

#else /* __cplusplus */

//! dumps current stack trace to stderr, up to @a limit depth and skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! pass -1U for limit to request unlimited trace, and 0 to start with the function calling recordStackTrace */
void displayCurrentStackTrace(unsigned int limit=-1U, unsigned int skip=0);

//! repeatedly calls unrollStackFrame() until the root frame is reached or @a limit is hit, skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! pass -1U for limit to request unlimited trace, and 0 to start with the function calling recordStackTrace */
struct StackFrame * recordStackTrace(unsigned int limit=-1U, unsigned int skip=0);
//! repeatedly calls unrollStackFrame() until the root frame is reached or end of @a frame list is hit, skipping the top @a skip frames
/*! This is handy for reusing previously allocated frames, returns the unused portion (if return value equals @a frame, none were used -- implies never cleared @a skip) */
struct StackFrame * recordOverStackTrace(struct StackFrame* frame, unsigned int skip=0);

}
}

#endif /* __cplusplus */

/*! @file
 * @brief Describes functionality for performing stack traces
 * @author ejt (Creator)
 */
#endif